Food journal analysis week 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Food diary examination week 1 - Essay Example In the event that we are to investigate, it can't be precluded that the taste from claiming coke is constantly pined for by a huge number of individuals around the globe because of its taste and this reality is likewise the motivation behind why I have devoured such measure of pop in my day by day consumption. Likewise, the nourishments that I have taken do have little contrasts on the off chance that we are to base with the endorsed measure of admission in the food pyramid. These distinctions remember my admission for calories which has a distinction of 957 calories which implies that I have devoured more which may cause develop of calories and a capability of extra 957 calories every day which would be named unused. In this specific occurrence alone, this would be a prime explanation of calorie develop in my body. This utilization was brought about by an excessive amount of admission of pop and furthermore admission of rice and wheat nourishments. This shows I have devoured calories more than the suggested food admission of a person. On the off chance that there are nourishments that I have devoured more than the endorsed sum in the food pyramid, there are additionally food sources which I have expended not exactly the necessary sum in the food pyramid-case of this is the measure of fiber which is a long ways past the satisfactory measure of fiber consumption in a day.

Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Undertaking - Research Paper Example Despite the fact that both genders convey the change, the females seldom display the indications of the illness. The side effects might be obvious in early outset and show up in male kids before the age of 6. Lab testing can set up the youngsters who convey the dynamic change during childbirth (Dalkilic and Kunkel, 2003). From the outset, dynamic proximal muscle shortcoming of the pelvis and legs that are related with a misfortune in bulk. In the long run, this shortcoming spreads to the neck, arms and different regions. The early signs comprise of growth of the deltoid and lower leg muscle, challenges in remaining without assistance, and low continuance. As the condition advances, there is squandering of the muscle tissue. By the age of 12, most patients are normally subject to the wheel seat. Side effects that happen in the later stage incorporate irregular advancement of the bone that prompts deformations of the skeleton. Because of muscle deteroriation, there is event of the loss of development, over the long haul it prompts loss of motion. The normal future for the DMD patients is around 2 5 years. The findings of the sickness incorporate DNA testing, muscle biopsy, and pre-birth tests. To begin with, the muscle-explicit isoform of the dysrtophin quality is comprised of 79 exons. DNA tests and investigation decide the specific sort of change of the exon (s) that is influenced. Furthermore, muscle biopsy involves extraction of a little example of muscle tissue. A color is then applied to uncover the nearness of the dystrophin. Ultimately, pre-birth tests set up if the unborn kid has the most well-known changes. The X-connected passive quality conveys the DMD. Guys have one X chromosome suggesting that one duplicate of the transformed quality will prompt DMD. The transformation is moved by the mother since fathers can't pass the X-connected attributes to their children. At the point when the mother is a transporter, one of her X chromosomes has a DMD change. In that regard, there is 50 % chance that the

DME SoccerBot Championships 2006 (Or, How Does Justin Timberlake Live With Himself)

DME SoccerBot Championships 2006 (Or, How Does Justin Timberlake Live With Himself) It was an epic battle, a tournament to the death. Tens of youthful spectators crouched eagerly around the arena, their jaws hanging open with anticipation for the coming soccer match. In one corner, the international team weBabble reloaded their batteries and tested their control boxes. In the other, Toxic Algaes bots tweaked nervously. They had beaten five other teams, but lost to Eds Elephants due to batery failure in a sudden death one-on-one round (a clearly unfair call by the ref, since Eds Elephants had changed their batteries in between rounds). If they lost this match, they would be out of the tournament and weBabble would be on their way to the championship. Toxic Algae had formed an unusally tight bond, joking around and making fun of their mentor Brad, while other teams sat silently soldering their solenoids. They were thus named in honor of the poisonous organisms in the Charles River, the body of water Brad had promised (signed a legally binding contract) to let them throw him in if they won. The four had worked tirelessly to craft the most agile bots, by covering their wheels with sandpaper to increase traction, and demonstrated their master teamwork skills by winning the scavenger hunt (photographing almost 40 pictures of cows and thus winning the right to custom-paint their robots). But back from our completely necessary flashback sequence/background information, the ref blew the whistle, and they were off. After a brief power struggle, Toxic Algae scored. But the bots were tired, having duked it out in five previous matches, and at the kickoff they were shoved all the way back into the goal without protest from the weakened motors by weBabbles uncanny strength. The score was tied and the tension was high. The commentary from Toxic Algaes mentor Brad, and staff member Trevor, boomed from the mikes to the speakers. The bots were off again, and Toxic Algaes seemed to be ready to put up another fight. Still, all the drivers had had limited experience controlling their bots, having spent the entire week strictly building in the machine shop, and each goal was elusive. But Toxic Algae clearly deserved it more, from all the effort they had put in. Yet by an unfortunate twist of fate and some bad defense, weBabble scored on Toxic Algae, and utilized the strategy that Toxic Algae should have put into play after the first goal blocking the entire goal with all of their bots. And thus the great team was taken down. They had a vision. They had a dream. But alas, they could not come through. Oh hey, Toxic Algae was my team, if you couldnt tell. And in the end, Eds Elephants won first. Even still, Discover Mechanical Engineering was amazing. I would honestly say that you cant really go wrong with any of the FPOPs, as long as you do one especially if you go and check the others out (if you can; obviously if youre in Freshman Leadership Program youre not going to swim back from the island to hone your creative writing skills). When you all get into MIT (which you will, because youre all wonderful, intelligent, passionate human beings), apply for an FPOP, because having met people in a smaller setting is a pretty amazing thing to have once the explosion that is Orientation hits. Also, I learned how to work a lathe, use a bandsaw at an angle, and about the joy of crimping while existing purely off of free food and partying with the FAPers. I picked DME, Discover Mechanical Engineering, firstly because we built soccer robots. Ive never actually built a robot before, so I thought it would be a good time to start (because of that whole going to MIT thing, and all that). Which leads to my next reason I really, genuinely dont know what Im going to study at MIT. When Im not telling people that Im going to be an astronaut (in the same light as me telling them that when I grow up Id like to be a cowboy or a butterfly, except that here I could actually really do it), I spew out this verbal garbage: Um, Im interested in premed. But thats not a major. I havent actually done biology in three years, but I liked it then. I think math is fun, but I wouldnt major in it. Course 9 would be pretty cool. Maybe 2?.. hey, where are you going? Like I said, my team was incredible, and I had a fantastic time with Long, Albert, and Hanna (10s all). We were probably the closest knit team there, brought together by our strong desire to throw Brad in the river. But the best part of DME was the tournament on Saturday; driving was incredibly entertaining, especially with all the kids getting so into it. The whole thing took place at the Museum of Science, where we were forced to take a quick break from our tournament since they were filming a video on the recent controversy over Plutos proper classification. Emily 10 and Alex 10 (since this a freshman program, everyone was 10, but I feel so much more official typing it out so Im going to do it anyway) started a movement that was so fantastic I cant even write about it. We marched up and down the three flights of stairs of the museum (actually, we rode the escalator, but thats no way to fight the power) like this. We also got these fantastic bright yellow DME shirts, so on the way back Emily marched in front with the sign, like we were one great big Pluto-lovin parade. We shall overcome. Speaking of the DME shirts, one of the staff members actually wore his to see Justin Timberlake, recently in the Boston area, and asked him to sign it. Justin Timberlake took this as a sign to take the shirt and ran away. So, to sum up: I spent my first week at MIT building soccer-playing robots, meeting other fresh-off-the-plane frosh, discovering a potential major, and protesting Plutos demotion all paid for by the MIT Mechanical Engineering department. And also, Justin Timberlake is a bad man. Any questions?

I Have A Dream Speech - 1805 Words

On August 28, 1963, social equality extremist Martin Luther King, Jr. conveyed a standout amongst the most popular talks in American history. His I Have a Dream discourse was planned to motivate the 250,000 individuals at the Washington, D.C., rally and past to consider a world in which high contrast kids could learn and become together. The message served as a main impetus in propelling political pioneers and subject activists to push for more prominent balance and a conclusion to isolation. Temperament is an abstract gadget used to make peruses encounter certain feelings. It likewise settled a specific manner of speaking. In the I Have a Dream Speech, the temperament was unmistakably moving, forward-looking and intense. Ruler needed to mix the hearts of those clutching the idea that opportunity and correspondence in the United States could exist even with isolation. The opening proclamation in King s discourse set up the tone, as he prophetically said, I am happy to join with you t oday in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. Later in the speech he talked about overcoming obstacles when he stated, I say to you today, my friends even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. Calling King s location the best ever is a difficult request, for any history specialist to judge and any discourse to satisfy. It positively ought to be classed as among a modest bunch ofShow MoreRelatedThe I Have A Dream Speech1149 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. delivered the I Have a Dream Speech on Aug. 28, 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial. The speech was given prior to the March on Washington, a peaceful protest against inequality. In his speech, King aims to influence his audience to fight for the change from a segregated nation to a place of freedom for all. Throughout the speech, Americans are refreshed with what their society was supposed to be, rather than how it was currently. King utilizes literary devices to highlight hisRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech1508 Words   |  7 PagesRights Movement). In August of nineteen-sixty-three, an event called the March on Washington took place, over two-hundred thousand Americans rallied for freedom and rights (Histor-March on Washingtony). At this event that King gave his iconic, â€Å"I have a dream speech,† that discussed the discriminations colored people faced, such as segregation. He states that, â€Å"One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination† ( InternationalRead MoreThe I Have A Dream Speech1335 Words   |  6 Pagesin this year. Martin Luther King Jr. was a huge political figure in this era. He began protests and marches that lead to controversy around the United States. These marches and protests however, lead to violent acts. He also delivered the â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech† and changed the world that we live in today. Next, the 16th Street Baptist church bombing occurred leaving a lot of controversy between the Native American and African American races. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was also a huge political figureRead MoreAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe major argument that is being portrayed in Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I Have A Dream† speech is all men and women should be treated equally, regardless of their skin color. Dr. King states, â€Å"When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienableRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Analysis1714 Words   |  7 Pagesuses words to provoke, calm, and inspire in his famous I Have a Dream speech. Using these words, he creates a connection with the audience, and he gained their trust. Cesar Chavez also gave a speech that provoked, calmed, and inspired the audience to come together and get rid of pesticides because it is causing many diseases among adults, as well as children. He also mentions King many times to gain the audience’s trust. â€Å"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out theRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Analysis1154 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr.s impact of pathos throughout his speech has the impact of exploit the audience, empowered, determined, and grateful. Throughout his speech, his audience responds to him by applauding with agreement. Impact of Pathos Martin Luther King, Jr. uses attribute within the starting of his known, I actually have a Dream Speech, to realize the audience to feel as theyre fighting with several alternative known Americans, like the beginning Fathers and Abe Lincoln. Since, several AmericansRead MoreAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech758 Words   |  4 Pages delivered his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech in 1963 to a divided and unjust nation. King’s tactful writing reached the entire nation, and his words resonated with everyone who heard them. His speech addressed the injustices and inequalities blacks face in America. â€Å"I Have a Dream† has gone down in history as one of the best speeches in modern history, received at a time of turmoil and racial tension. Therefore, King’s words have rung in the hearts of innumerable people, and his dreams and aspirationsRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Summary1149 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"I have a dream† speech was written by American c ivil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. on August 28, 1963. It took place at the Washington D.C Civil Rights March, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. It is one of the widely known speeches that was given to point out the ongoing racism problem in the United States of America. This speech brought greater attention to the Civil Rights Movement which had been going for years and it is known as one of the famous orations in the history of US. TheRead MoreExamples Of I Have A Dream Speech754 Words   |  4 PagesDr. Martin Luther King Jr’s efficient use of logos and pathos in his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech at the Lincoln memorial reached the hearts of a number of Americans, inspiring people to join their cause and to take action. Dr. King begins to use logos promptly in the second paragraph of his speech. He says â€Å"Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.† This quote states t hat one hundred years ago, Score means 20 so five scoreRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Analysis1441 Words   |  6 Pagesorder to procure its ultimate victory throughout the 1960s. From his civil rights-related endeavor, the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, given on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the â€Å"March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom† in 1963 (â€Å"March on Washington For Jobs and Freedom) arose. In his speech, he spoke about the injustice of segregation and discrimination of African Americans. His speech had a prodigious impact as it succeeded to illustrate the issue of racism at the time and instigated the

William Shakespeare s Othello The Moor Of Venice

William Shakespeare’s Othello the Moor of Venice, is a tragedy of great manipulation and jealousy that exploits the evil in people and how one could take advantage of another based on their weaknesses and flaws; perfect people do not exist in a world filled of temptation, failure, and suffering as Shakespeare proves the consequences of being trustful and naà ¯ve. People of Venice must be aware of the people around them and who they trust because one should live with a reasonable mind in order to avoid being played under a powerful puppet master. The control Iago, the antagonist, places on the people around him will end with influencing character’s he associates himself with, including Othello, Roderigo, Cassio, Emilia, and Desdemona, as he†¦show more content†¦Iago’s intentions lie within his goal to replace Cassio as lieutenant as he complicates many relationships to the extreme, without showing his good qualities and proving himself to Othello as a st rong and hard worker. Iago is more complex than what meets the eye, but he’s devious and manipulative towards the people around him; he contains a static personality and will not change because he is who he was meant to be causing mayhem. Othello’s flaw is his insecurity with his security as a husband; he creates assumptions with a falsely placed evidence, he is jealous of his own wife because of it, and trusts the feed of information Iago feeds him creating the entire mess of a situation. Othello is notably an outcast, being a black man in a white society; throughout the entire play he is referred to as â€Å"The Moor,† with his skin color resulting in unfavorable assumptions and prompting the association of savage animalistic characteristics. The only justification of his appearance is the fact that he was married to a woman named Desdemona; his love for Desdemona was â€Å"in a period when such a marriage would be rare and controversial† (Baker and Wom ack 1534). He received complications when the town found out how they did not marry under theShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Othello - The Moor Of Venice1513 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s tragic play: â€Å"Othello: the Moor of Venice† starts out in the place of love and water, the beautiful Venice, Italy. In this play Shakespeare brings to life the true definitions of love, betrayal, jealousy, and revenge. Iago and Roderigo, two characters in the play, that are plotting against the general of the Venetian Army because Iago was not chosen to be the lieutenant. Instead Othello chose Cassio. In the quest for vengeance the two tell the very influential Senator BrabanotiRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, The Moor Of Venice1776 Words   |  8 Pageschanging event that alters his fortune from good too bad. William Shakespeare’s play, Othello, the Moor of Venice is classified as an Aristotelian classical tragedy based on the guidelines Aristo tle sets when examining a tragedy. Othello is a general in the Venetian army, and the husband of Desdemona, and well respected by society. The play describes how Othello’s fate has an undesirable change in fortune, the reversal. In brief, Othello is portrayed as a happy, powerful man in the beginning of theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, The Moor Of Venice Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesWithin this essay, I will be analysing the different features and aspects within act 3, scene 3 of the written text Othello, written by William Shakespeare in approximately 1603. I will be discussing the prominent features in the language used within this scene, and I will be exploring why this scene is important in relation to the play as a whole. I will also be discussing within this composition how the distinctive features of the language used within this play could be translated into a liveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, The Moor Of Venice1216 Words   |  5 Pages William Shakespeare’s famous tragedy â€Å"Othello, the Moor of Venice† is one of the best tragedies in the literary history. Othello has all of the qualifications Aristotle believes to be a tragic hero and he matches up pretty well to them. Aristotle said, â€Å"A man cannot become a hero until he can see the root of his downfall.† According to Aristotle, a so called â€Å"tragic hero† has several characteristics. 1. Usually a noble birth. 2. Hamartia, which is also known as the tragic flaw that eventuallyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello The Moor Of Venice764 Words   |  4 Pagesjust start up so much commotion? Well, chaos is what made Othello interesting. Iago causes chaos when he plans to get revenge on Othello from jealousy. The story â€Å"Othello the Moor of Venice† is entitled by William Shakespeare. The main characters in Othello are: Desdemona, Iago, Roderigo, and Michael Cassio. In this story, Iago reveals his true personality to the audience, but not to any of the other characters. Iago is offended that Othello has looked over him and chose Michael Cassio to be his LieutenantRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello The Moor Of Venice1646 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"Othello the Moor of Venice† by William Shakespeare, though the play revolves around two leading male characters, Othello and Iago, the women characters are often overlooked and viewed as the pawns, to the plans laid out by Iago in his journey to end Othello. Shakespeare’s play, presented women with an image of being inferior to the men and throughout it we learn how this came to be as the women are all in critical relationships to the point where they are disregarded and mistreated by the menRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, The Moor Of Venice Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesIn the play Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare, the women take on various roles in t his Venetian society. The roles include committing fraud, playing the part of the victim, and playing the part of the hero. In this Venetian society in the 1600s, the women served major purposes and were vital to keep the towns running. However, the women also faced being victimized and stereotyped in this man-run society. Women were inferior to men, treated unequally, and women were also viewed asRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello The Moor Of Venice Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pagesplace for a narrative to begin and evolve from, without a strong setting some texts may be difficult to interpret without extra contextual and historical knowledge of the time period of which it was written. Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice written 1603 was set in Italy, in the Venetian Republic . This setting was gaining popularity with Elizabethan writers, maybe as a form of escapism, to have a crypto - catholic approach, as this country was the largest and still is the large stRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello, The Moor1720 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tragedy of Othello, the Moor the Venice: The Fall of A Man for His Race by Josà © Pineda. Professor Arzola English 2322 5 July 2015 Outline. Thesis: The tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice written by William Shakespeare, the author uses a characters to express the complex social circumstance of race at the time and how the white men’s ideas about black people leads to their hate and downfalls throughout the play. Sociological Approach. I. Summary plot. II. Description of the mainRead MoreOthellos Tragic Flaw Essays1208 Words   |  5 PagesOthello, a Moor, comes to Venice after several years of serving in the military. Being a Moor makes it difficult to be taken seriously. I tis like segregation in the 1960’s, white’s had luxury while colored had almost nothing. In order for Othello to gain some respect, he had to gain authoritative power, which he did by becoming a military general. In the military Othello meets Cassio and Iago, he chooses Cassio as his lieutenant which upsets Iago. The promotion of Cassio begins to show jealousy William Shakespeare s Othello The Moor Of Venice In â€Å"Othello the Moor of Venice† by William Shakespeare, though the play revolves around two leading male characters, Othello and Iago, the women characters are often overlooked and viewed as the pawns, to the plans laid out by Iago in his journey to end Othello. Shakespeare’s play, presented women with an image of being inferior to the men and throughout it we learn how this came to be as the women are all in critical relationships to the point where they are disregarded and mistreated by the men in their lives and as a result they are forced to take ways of fighting back. Men are often viewed dominant, but when faced with the others, especially women, of equal or more stature and significance, they find themselves unable to cope with such a spectacle and are often ignorant of the existence of this power. Desdemona’s courage and use of language to defend herself against her father, Brabantio and her husband, Othello revealed her to be a well dignified woman, but it is the very thing that got her into complications which ultimately led to her death. In the first act, after Brabantio found out Desdemona had run off to marry the Moor, Othello in secret, he labels her as a rebellious child he says, â€Å"Oh heaven, how got she out, Oh treason of the blood† (I.i.171-172). He’s saying he didn’t know when she left his house and that his own daughter by blood right has deceived him by marring a man he despise. Her father goes on to believe she was under some sort of magic, done byShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Othello - The Moor Of Venice1513 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s tragic play: â€Å"Othello: the Moor of Venice† starts out in the place of love and water, the beautiful Venice, Italy. In this play Shakespeare brings to life the true definitions of love, betrayal, jealousy, and revenge. Iago and Roderigo, two characters in the play, that are plotting against the general of the Venetian Army because Iago was not chosen to be the lieutenant. Instead Othello chose Cassio. In the quest for vengeance the two tell the very influential Senator BrabanotiRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello The Moor Of Venice1745 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Othello the Moor of Venice, is a tragedy of great manipulation and jealousy that exploits the evil in people and how one could take advantage of another based on their weaknesses and flaws; perfect people do not exist in a world filled of temptation, failure, and suffering as Shakespeare proves the consequences of being trustful and naà ¯ve. People of Venice must be aware of the people around them and who they trust because one should live with a reasonable mind in order to avoidRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, The Moor Of Venice1776 Words à ‚  |  8 Pageschanging event that alters his fortune from good too bad. William Shakespeare’s play, Othello, the Moor of Venice is classified as an Aristotelian classical tragedy based on the guidelines Aristotle sets when examining a tragedy. Othello is a general in the Venetian army, and the husband of Desdemona, and well respected by society. The play describes how Othello’s fate has an undesirable change in fortune, the reversal. In brief, Othello is portrayed as a happy, powerful man in the beginning of theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, The Moor Of Venice Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesWithin this essay, I will be analysing the different features and aspects within act 3, scene 3 of the written text Othello, written by William Shakespeare in approximately 1603. I will be discussing the prominent features in the language used within this scene, and I will be exploring why this scene is important in relation to the play as a whole. I will also be discuss ing within this composition how the distinctive features of the language used within this play could be translated into a liveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, The Moor Of Venice1216 Words   |  5 Pages William Shakespeare’s famous tragedy â€Å"Othello, the Moor of Venice† is one of the best tragedies in the literary history. Othello has all of the qualifications Aristotle believes to be a tragic hero and he matches up pretty well to them. Aristotle said, â€Å"A man cannot become a hero until he can see the root of his downfall.† According to Aristotle, a so called â€Å"tragic hero† has several characteristics. 1. Usually a noble birth. 2. Hamartia, which is also known as the tragic flaw that eventuallyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello The Moor Of Venice764 Words   |  4 Pagesjust start up so much commotion? Well, chaos is what made Othello interesting. Iago causes chaos when he plans to get revenge on Othello from jealousy. The story â€Å"Othello the Moor of Venice† is entitled by William Shakespeare. The main characters in Othello are: Desdemona, Iago, Roderigo, and Michael Cassio. In this story, Iago reveals his true personality to the audience, but not to any of the other characters. Iago is offended that Othello has looked over him and chose Michael Cassio to be his LieutenantRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, The Moor Of Venice Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesIn the play Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare, the women take on various roles in this Venetian society. The roles include committing fraud, playing the part of the victim, and playing the part of the hero. In this Venetian society in the 1600s, the women served major purposes and were vital to keep the towns running. However, the women also faced being victimized and stereotyped in this man-run society. Women were inferior to men, treated unequally, and women were also viewed asRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello The Moor Of Venice Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pagesplace for a narrative to begin and evolve from, without a strong setting some texts may be difficult to interpret without extra contextual and historical knowledge of the time period of which it was written. Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice written 1603 was set in Italy, in the Venetian Republic . This setting was gaining popularity with Elizabethan writers, maybe as a form of escapism, to have a crypto - catholic approach, as this country was the largest and still is the largestRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello, The Moor1720 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tragedy of Othello, the Moor the Venice: The Fall of A Man for His Race by Josà © Pineda. Professor Arzola English 2322 5 July 2015 Outline. Thesis: The tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice written by William Shakespeare, the author uses a characters to express the complex social circumstance of race at the time and how the white men’s ideas about black people leads to their hate and downfalls throughout the play. Sociological Approach. I. Summary plot. II. Description of the mainRead MoreOthellos Tragic Flaw Essays1208 Words   |  5 PagesOthello, a Moor, comes to Venice after several years of serving in the military. Being a Moor makes it difficult to be taken seriously. I tis like segregation in the 1960’s, white’s had luxury while colored had almost nothing. In order for Othello to gain some respect, he had to gain authoritative power, which he did by becoming a military general. In the military Othello meets Cassio and Iago, he chooses Cassio as his lieutenant which upsets Iago. The promotion of Cassio begins to show jealousy

12 Angry Men by Reginald Rose Free Essays

The movie â€Å"Twelve Angry Men† by Reginald Rose is a drama that displays twelve jurors’ in-depth reasoning to decide a unanimous decision on the defendant’s sentence. There are many assets and liabilities of the group that play a role in their decision making. The jurors are all defined in terms of their personalities, backgrounds, prejudices and emotional tilts. We will write a custom essay sample on 12 Angry Men by Reginald Rose or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will argue that when pride, jealousy, frustration and prejudice all emerge we see irrational and rational decision making methods. The assets of group is shown when juror#8 starts a different approach to evidence by showing the knife that was thought to be rare. It starts the process of participation in problem solving by other jury members who may have made up their mind or were just feeling conformity pressure. Greater sum of individual’s total information starts to helps jury make a better decision. Liabilities of a group are show when every one except juror# 8 raise their hand feeling conformity pressure. There is desire of individual shown by juror# 3 to dominate and win the argument rather than finding a best solution. Lack of interest is shown by juror# 7 to reason or spend time to solve problem. There are prejudice feelings shown by juror# 10 and 7, they think juror# 5 and 11 do not know much because of their backgrounds. Each group determines assets and liabilities of their group’s problem solving. As long disagreement is not personal and is in interest of best solution it’s healthy. Time required to solve a problem is uncertain, members might get impatient and solve problem without reasoning. Risk taking is either good or bad depending on how a group uses it. Each group has a different problem to solve and different personalities to work with which is why each group can use assets and liabilities positively and negatively. Throughout the film, Juror Ten is violently prejudiced against anyone who comes from a slum. â€Å"You can’t believe a word they say,† he declares – take note that Juror Ten does not say â€Å"he,† meaning the defendant, but â€Å"they,† the group of slums as a whole. This proves that he cannot make a fair judgment about individual guilt. Juror Nine, the senior man with accumulated life experience, notices this and rebukes immediately saying â€Å"Since when is dishonesty a group characteristic? † The intolerance of Juror Ten continues before finally erupting in a long speech that leads the other jurors to reject him. The message is clear that such irrational prejudice is incompatible with justice. Juror Four also shows signs of such prejudice, though he couches it in more acceptable words: â€Å"The children who come out of slum backgrounds are potential menaces to society. When a person hears the word prejudice, he or she might think it only refers to the racial prejudice often found between those with light skin and those with dark skin. However, prejudice runs much deeper than a person’s color. Prejudice is found between gender, religion, cultural and geographical background, and race. People have discriminated against others based upon these attributes from the beginning of time. Prejudice has beco me a complex problem in our society; for example, if someone were to walk in a secluded area at night and pass a group of senior citizens, he or she will, most likely, not feel threatened. However, if instead of senior citizens, three teenagers dressed in ripped jeans and t-shirts wearing metal chains around their necks passed the person is more likely to feel threatened. Prejudice is the sad truth of today’s society. Whether it’s from watching the local news or reading the newspaper, many people base stereotypes on the media or personal experiences. Although these are the most convenient ways to judge someone, they are also the worst. Whenever dealing with the media, events are dramatized and slowly build into the subconscious. The affects of prejudice then influence our decisions without us even realizing it. How to cite 12 Angry Men by Reginald Rose, Papers

Journal Report - Marketing Leadership for Development

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Leadership for Development of a Journal Report. Answer: Introduction The present magazine report will focus towards development of a journal report, which on Hungers Jack limited. Hungers Jack Limited is one of the most popular as well as standard fast food restaurants in Australia falls under the subsidiary of competitive foods. A Hunger Jack owns and operates sublicenses all of the Burger King restaurants ("BURGER KING", 2016). To evaluate this particular statement, the primary job is to conclude about the market structure of Australia. Trends, competitive advantage, and prospect are the three essential points, which needs to focus on completing the overall market structure in Australia. The overall magazine report will conclude the about the background of the organization which is Hungers Jacks. The second point that is highlighted in the overall is to conclude what are the different kinds of factors which need to analyze is how the organization has been success full in the overall managerial process as well as business operations. However, there are some other key areas, which need to identify to evaluate all the organizational proceedings, which will conclude about the key factors responsible for the organizations success in the end. The entire magazine supported by the application of different kinds of marketing as well as managerial theories in the overall study. One of the main ideas, which are highlighted to conclude the administrative as well as marketing operations of the organization, is the notion of the blue ocean strategy. Overview of the topic The primary part of the study will highlight the background of the selected group Hungry Jacks. A Hunger Jack is a franchise of the international Burger King Corporation and operates its business in Australia since 1971. It operates its fast food industry chain in the main cities of Australia. The initial success of the firm led to a rapid expansion in entire Australia. Queensland and South Australia are the major two areas where the company developed its overall business structure. The company operates 26 stores in whole Australia with one of the best service provided in the active sector of the country. At the same point in time, Burger King operates its company and franchised stores under the same trademark. However, Burger King and Hungry Jack merge all the business operations in an overall manner and arrange all the business operations under the same brand in Australia ("Hungry Jack's - Hungry Jacks", 2016). The next part of the study will highlight the about the fast food industry in Australia. Trends of the customers, competitive advantage, and prospect are the three key areas, which will analyze about the entire fast food sector in the overall competitive market. Higher investment towards the development of new as well as better concepts, which includes different elements such as menus, outlets and services are the key features, which are contained in the fast food segment of Australia (Aaker, 2013). Quality, as well as services, is the two key factors, which concludes the demands of the fast food demanding customers in the entire Australia. All the customers have higher expectations when they are visiting the same store as well as the same outlet (Aras Crowther, 2012). However, the key competitors of Hungry Jacks in Australia are McDonalds Australia and KFC Australia, which experiments the concept stores which offers healthier meals, gourmet ingredients, table service, and modern ordering system. One of the key features which majority of the fast food industry provides to its customers is the notion of the online services, which is one of the additional advantages where the customers are benefited. Online ordering system provides all the cu stomers with an added advantage, which allows the customers to save time (Baggini, 2012). A proper competitive landscape is the second highlighted point, which needs to analyze. The market structure of Australia is dominated by perfectly competitive market structure and oligopoly market structure where the majority of the firm operates its business. An oligopoly market structure is a market structure where new company dominates its activities (Cabezas Diwekar, 2012). A fast food industry is a perfect example of a market where individual brands, which includes McDonalds, KFC, Pizza Hut, and Hungry Jack, arrange their overall business, which has a significant portion of the market shares. The demand factor is another important point, which needs to be reflected to determine what are the key elements, which are required to identify success factors in the organization. The increase in the net disposable income one of the significant factor, which increases demand for fast food in Australia (Cateora, Gilly, Graham, 2013). However, the economic condition of Australia is very much stable as compared with other nations. The increase in population, which includes different students, joins from abroad. The final point, which needs to focus, is the growth in the customers confidence, which allows all the firms to increase the overall sales level. However, on the other hand, there are certain factors, which will conclude about the supply the growth in the provision of the fast food sector in Australia (Collins, 2012). The cost of production and supply are cheaper; this will allow larger sums of supply. McDonalds continue to in the fast food industry in Australia, which is followed by subway that both the company contributed overall sales more than 40% of the total fast food sales and 60% of the sales values ("Hungry Jack's - Hungry Jacks", 2016). Factors behind the organizations success There are certain factors, which are responsible to evaluate the reasons behind the organizational success. The most important thing that needs to be investigated is developing a proper pricing decision as well as an appropriate pricing strategy. Oligopoly is the market structure. In this particular market structure, the decision making of one firm affects the decision making of the other firm (Daniel, 2012). To execute all the factors in a proper manner, the organization develops as well as maintains proper pricing strategies, as the price is the only factors, which affects the purchasing decision of the customers in a comprehensive way. The company develops an appropriate pricing strategy keeping in mind how the competitors develop and offers products as well as services to its clients. Hungry jack in the business operations develops organizational change strategy for business success. Financial, technological, political, environmental, as well as environmental, social as well as c ultural, are some of the key areas that on which the organization develops all its organizational change systems, which as one of the major factor for success in the team (Ghillyer Ghillyer, 2012). Planned alteration of different components in the management is required to improve the effectiveness of the organizational plans and procedures. There are particular types of change, which are needed by the different organization to implement different change in the managerial system. Planning, implementing and evaluating all the organizational activities in a proper and is the ultimate solution to develop an appropriate shift in the organization. Hungry Jack has done a remarkable job by following all the factors of the change management system in a suitable manner. To focus on different kinds of change management system, the company had described a time when the organization went through a change that was very much successful in the operational administration of the team. Managing change is another factor, which needs to be emphasized in a proper manner-keeping people involved in the decision, making the process of the organization. A two-way communication process needs to be implemented in a proper way, which allowed both the employees, as well as well as the management to contribute in the same manner towards developing a real decision making process in the organizational plans and procedure. It was mentioned at the beginning of the assignment that one of the major reasons behind the success of the organization is the notion of the vast expansion process in the organizational plans as well as the managerial activities (Halkias Thurman, 2012). There are different reasons, which can be identified to determine how the organization has been successful in the end. To develop a proper a real competition advantage, in the end, the team has maintained an appropriate pace with the technological advancement (Hood, 2013). The organization has done a remarkabl e job to execute a proper orientation of an E-commerce strategy. With the application of a suitable E-commerce strategy, the organization was benefited in particular ways. Primarily it allowed the group to fulfill the latest customer trends in the business as the majority of the customers in Australia prefer the concept of online shopping to be benefited in particular ways (Jobber, 2012). Proper service, as well as a decent feedback system, is another factor, which is one of the reasons to develop a good competitive advantage in the overall managerial activities. Hungry Jack has done a remarkable job to focus on all the factors, which are required to develop a proper service as well as an appropriate feedback system in the organization (Keegan Green, 2013). Development of a suitable service system in the structure includes on time delivery system, good acceptance of cash on delivery, maintaining the quality of the products, which are offered to its customers (Aras Crowther, 2012). With a view of improving performance in the organization majority of the groups irrespective of nature as well as objectives of the business, go right to structural measures towards moving the line around the operational procedures of the company. Structural changes are an important factor that needs to be improved and execute in a proper manner of any organizational transformations (Cabezas Diwekar, 2012). Learning Process and outcome of the Magazine There are certain reasons, which can clarify towards concluding the learning the process in this particular business organization. Some of the important reasons are highlighted in the following part of the study. The readers of this particular assignment will be able to able to conclude about the factors, which are behind the success of this particular organization. There are different points that will reach in the learning process why the customers are very much satisfied with the products and services offered by this particular group (Ghillyer Ghillyer, 2012). The first reason, which is the company Hungry Jack, develops a good as well as competitive pricing strategy, which majority of the buyers finds it affordable to buy burgers from this company. The second point is the quality of the food, which this particular organization offers to its customers. All the foods of the enterprise are preceded in a proper as well as in a hygienic manner by using the most advanced scientific tech nologies (Keegan Green, 2013). The objective of the magazine report is to provide and guide all the readers from which the readers will be able to conclude about how different kinds of marketing practices as well as different kinds of marketing theories will allow Hungry Jacks to develop a proper marketing plan, which will bring success in the end. On the other hand, it will guide the organization in a proper manner in order to achieve the fundamental goals and activities (Halkias Thurman, 2012). Hungry Jack maintains a healthy as well as a decent customer service, which includes an appropriate on time delivery system in the overall business process. The overview of the study includes different kinds of the strategic plan, which this particular organization develops in towards proper business operations. The most important part of the overall learning process is towards implementation of the marketing plan. Planning is an important part and on the other hand, implementation of the project at the right time is equally important (Kotler Armstrong, 2012). There are certain organizational goals and activities which different organization based on the nature as well as objectives of the business develops in the corporate plans and operations. Planning is the essential regulatory activities which majority of the managers of different industries follows in the overall procedures. It bridges the gap between where we are standing and where we want to go. After developing a proper mar ker research, the organization has done a remarkable job towards implementing the right plan in the right manner by matching the requirements of the market structure (Kurtz Boone, 2012). The applications of different kinds of marketing theories, as well as the practices of the various kinds of marketing, have guided the organization to execute all the plans based on the requirements of the group. Application of different types of marketing strategies and tools (Blue Ocean Strategies) This part of the study will highlight the use of the various types of marketing theories which and marketing tools which the selected organization in the study has used to develop a proper marketing plan. SWOT Analysis, PESTEL Analysis, Porters Five Forces, and Blue Ocean strategies are the key marketing tools, which the organization has applied towards the development of a proper marketing plan in the overall organizational plan and producers. The application of SWOT Analysis and the application of the PESTEL is used by the organization to both the internal environment as well as the external environment (Kotler Armstrong, 2012). The use of SWOT Analysis will allow Hungry Jack to scan both the external environment as well as the internal environment. There are four factors, which completed the notion of the SWOT Analysis are Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats. The use of the Strength and Weakness are used to address all the factors, which are required to scan the internal environment, and on the other hand, the reaming factors Opportunities and Threats are used to examine the external circumstances of the company (Kurtz Boone, 2012). This particular marketing tool contributes as one of the significant parts towards the development process of a proper marketing plan as it is very much important to scan both the internal environment as well as the external environment (Pride, 2012). The second marketing tool, which is focused in this particular in this part of the magazine, is the application of the PESTEL Analysis. The application of the PESTEL Analysis will allow the organization to develop a proper as well as an active external environmental scanning process by concentrating on the following factors. Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal are the six significant factors, which are included towards analyzing the external environment (Malhotra, 2013). Porters five forces is another important marketing tool that is investigated to determine five crucial elements in the commercialization procedures (Pride, Hughes, Kapoor, 2012). The important factors, which conclude the application towards the application of this particular marketing tool, are the demand of suppliers, the demand of buyers, threats of new entrants; threats of substitution and degree of rivalry are the five factors, which conclude the notion of this particular tool. The idea of the marketing mix is another important marketing theory, which contributes to the process of the price, place, promotion, and products. These are the four factors, which needs to be developing in the course of a proper marketing plan (Tanner Raymond, 2012). However, Blue Ocean strategy is the leading marketing theory, which needs to be diversified in an appropriate manner. Creating uncontested market space makes the competition relevant, develop, and capture new demand, which is included in this particular marketing tool. The idea of the blue ocean strategy concludes a tool, which majority of the organizations irrespective of nature as well as objectives of the business users in the end to capture the current state of the market demand and supply (Potter, 2012). Eliminate, Rise, Reduce and Create are the four different factors, which are included in this particular marketing tool. Determination of which of the factors that needs to be eliminated from the industry is the first element (Pride, 2012). The second part concentrates towards the industry standards. Which factors in the organization need to be raised in the industry standards and the final elements are to create and offer products and services to the market based on the demand? The formulating principle of the blue ocean strategy includes reconstruction of the market boundary, focus on the organizational goals and objectives; reach beyond the existing demand and getting the strategic demand in the market in a positive and a right manner (Pride, Hughes, Kapoor, 2012). All the discussed marketing theories as well as marketing practices will guide the organization in a proper manner and will bring positive impact in the overall performances of the group in a much-diversified way to make efficient proceedings (Thorson Duffy, 2012). Conclusion and Final Observation The concluding part of the study will analyze an overview of the Australian food industry. Oligopoly is the market structure of the Australian food sector where decision-making is one of the most crucial factors as the decision making the power of one firm affects the decision making the power of the other firm. Hungry Jack is the company, which is selected, in this particular magazine report and the findings, as well as the observations, are classified into four parts. The first section of the assignment concludes the most likely factors, which the organization needs to focus on, and it concludes about the background of the study. The second point will analyze all the facts and with real examples of the operations of the organizations in a much-diversified manner. The second part of the study will focus on what are the different elements in the structure that need to be investigate in which had made the organization successful in the business operations. The third factor is about concluding a learning process, which can be optimized towards the business structure. The final element, which needs to be clarified, is to evaluate different kinds of marketing theories and marketing practices, which had, help the organization to develop a proper competitive advantage to conclude about the success of the organizational framework. This part of the magazine report will find about the practices of different kinds of marketing tools in the overall plans and p rocedures of the organization. The most relevant marketing theory, as well as the practices, includes the application of the Blue Ocean Strategy. Reference List Aaker, D. (2013).Marketing research. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Aras, G. Crowther, D. (2012).Business strategy and sustainability. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Baggini, J. (2012).Ethics. London: Quercus. BURGER KING. (2016).BURGER KING. Retrieved 28 May 2016, from https://www.bk.com/# Cabezas, H. Diwekar, U. (2012).Sustainability. Sharjah: Bentham Science Publishers. Cateora, P., Gilly, M., Graham, J. (2013).International marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Collins, D. (2012).Business ethics. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Daniel, S. (2012).Principles of marketing. [Place of publication not identified]: Kendall Hunt. Estimating the Impact of Globalization on International Competitiveness: A Multidimensional Approach. (2012).China-USA Business Review,11(12). https://dx.doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2012.12.001 Ghillyer, A. Ghillyer, A. (2012).Business ethics now. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill. Halkias, D. Thurman, P. (2012).Entrepreneurship and sustainability. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Hood, D. (2013).The marketing manifesto. London: Kogan Page. Hungry Jack's - Hungry Jacks. (2016).Hungryjacks.com.au. Retrieved 28 May 2016, from https://www.hungryjacks.com.au/ Jobber, D. (2012).Principles and Practice of Marketin+. London: McGraw-Hill. Keegan, W. Green, M. (2013).Global marketing. Boston: Pearson. Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. (2012).Principles of marketing. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kurtz, D. Boone, L. (2012).Principles of contemporary marketing. Australia: Southwestern Cengage Learning. Malhotra, N. (2013).Review of marketing research. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Potter, N. (2012).The library marketing toolkit. London: Facet Publishing. Pride, W. (2012).Marketing principles. South Melbourne, Vic.: Cengage Learning. Pride, W., Hughes, R., Kapoor, J. (2012).Business. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Robinson, Z. (2012).Sustainability. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions. Tanner, J. Raymond, M. (2012).Principles of marketing. Irvington, N.Y.: Flat World Knowledge. Thorson, E. Duffy, M. (2012).Advertising age. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Shadow of War Essay Example

Shadow of War Essay I was most worried about what might happen to Omovo when he ran after the lady through the forest and got to the river. It seemed like he was going to run into a lot of trouble by following the lady all the way to her cave with the rest of the people she was with. 2. I think Omovo’s feelings towards the solders were more of fear and hate than anything else, it seemed from the beginning that he didn’t like them. After he saw them at the bar and they spit in his face, I think he got the feeling that they were up to no good specially when they asked about the women. Omovo was very curious about the lady. She walked across the front of his house, all the other children said things about her that might or might not be true but he wanted to figure it out for himself. 3. I think his father told him about the eclipse because of the war. His father said that on the eclipse the dead would get up from their graves to walk around and dance. I think Omovo knows that they aren’t really going to do that but he has an idea of why his dad said that. 4. The solders wanted Omovo to tell them if he saw the lady that walked in front of his house because she was a spy for the enemy and they needed to catch her. We will write a custom essay sample on Shadow of War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shadow of War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shadow of War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Omovo refuses the money because he doesn’t think its right to tell them about the lady. He doesn’t even know her and he has good morals. 5. I think that Omovo follows the solders because he wants to know why they are following the lady and what the lady was up to every time she when by his house. He is just one curious kid. 6. It kind of seems like a lost world to me. All the things that have been lost in time are found there. All the things that he saw there are bad things that have happened to the world and that have been thrown out for other better and newer things. . I think that the lady took food to the people in the cave. I think this because she had a basket in her head and when she came out she didn’t have it any more. 8. I think Omovo feels a little put aside, like if his dad wanted to look good in front of the solders. He didn’t care about his son at that moment. His dad just cared about looking good in front of his â€Å"new friends† 9. The transformations were where a little weird, but I can see where they were going. If we keep war going were going to end up like animals. War is an act of violence that we shouldn’t have to go through, specially now with all the atomic bombs and what not. I think it might be an illusion that he had, but they make sense. It would be a result of war if it were to keep going. 10. They are alike because they both talk about how war is bad and it separates the people that are together. It explains the horrible effects that war can have on a family or a friendship. They are different because the letter to my daughter talks about how the war is between nationalities and the shadow of war talks about how the war is between a couple of groups and not a hole nationality.

The eNotes Blog The Lisa Simpson BookClub

The Lisa Simpson BookClub If Lisa Simpson is wrong, then we don’t want to be right! If you’re familiar with The Simpsons, then you know that Lisa Simpson is the brains of the bunch- with an IQ of 159, the eight-year-old is nothing short of brilliant with a heart of gold to match. Between her social activism and humanitarian efforts, the feminist icon is constantly reading the densest works of literature that far exceed the expectations of the average second grader. We could all take a page from Lisa Simpson’s book. Better yet, we could all read the pages of Lisa Simpson’s favorite books by becoming a part of The Lisa Simpson Book Club. All of the titles Lisa reads on the show have been compiled into a list that’s been surging across the internet. Who needs to pack a lunch when Sylvia Plath can feed you instead? The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath Ghost World by Daniel Clowes Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton The Adventures of Tintin series was one of the most popular European comics of the 20th century, so of course Lisa Simpson is reading it. She’s chic, clever, and cultured! The Adventures of Tintin by Hergà © Pippi Longstocking by Astrid Lindgren Master Of The Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson by Robert Caro We have a feeling that Lisa and Hermione would be best gal pals in another life- unless they both end up having a crush on Ron Weasley. Harry Potter Series by J.K. Rowling The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan The Baby-Sitters Club by Ann M. Martin â€Å"Solitude never hurt anyone. Emily Dickinson lived alone, and she wrote some of the most beautiful poetry the world has ever known†¦ then went crazy as a loon.† The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson by Emily Dickinson The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William L. Shirer Grimms Complete Fairy Tales Reading, writing, and computing a statistical strategy to win a baseball gamewhat cant this girl do? Moneyball by Michael Lewis The work of Gore Vidal A Separate Peace by John Knowles There’s nothing like trying to soothe a beached whale with the poetry of Walt Whitman. Emerson would be so proud. Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman The work of Joyce Carol Oates Robert Pinsky Poems†¨ We know what she’s thinking: doesn’t he mean, â€Å"Woman and Superwoman†? Man and Superman by George Bernard Shaw Jane Austen: The complete Novels†¨ The Corrections by Jonathan Franzen If we had to choose one Simpson to be on our side, theres no doubt wed choose Lisa Simpson. Shes an eloquent orator, an independent thinker, and an all-around bastion of social justice. After almost thirty years on screen, Lisa continues to serve as the shows moral center and voice of reason. While the Simpsons may have experienced many changes since its inception, the one thing that remains constant is Lisas love of reading.   If reading is knowledge, and knowledge is power, then can’t we just vote for Lisa Simpson in the next election? All images via The Lisa Simpson Book Club.  Feature image via Buzzfeed.

Airborne express Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Airborne express - Case Study Example The company should consider acquiring technologies such as Digital Assisted Dispatch Systems (DADS) for the sake of increasing the effectiveness of their operation. Advancement in technology will also mean that they might be able to operate at lower costs. Given the fact that Federal Express has reviewed their pricing policy in the recent past, it will be in order for Airborne Express to do the same with their pricing policies. Federal Express adopted the distance based pricing which saw pricing for delivery being made on the basis of the distance to the point of delivery. Some of their customers have been inquiring about the same. However, it will be prudent for Airborne Express to come up with an offer that is even better than that that is being offered by their competitors. In addition to distance based pricing, the company might consider a pricing system that would see to it that the customers who frequently use their services are charged lower prices. This would imply that the more a customer used their services the more chances they had for paying less for the services. This will enable them to enhance customer loyalty. Another thing that the company needs to consider is taking advantage of the strike that led to the dismal performance by UPS. Given the fact that this is the time when UPS will definitely loss a number of their customers, Airborne should make sure that they are in a position to win them. One thing that the company should do is developing a good customer service that will enable them to know the areas in which their customers wish that they could improve in. This will be beneficial in reaching the expectations of the customers, thus earning their trust and loyalty. This can also lead to positive publicity which will attract new customers. Given the fact that Airborne Express does not pay any charges for landing, they should take advantage of the situation

Chicago School midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chicago School midterm - Essay Example His writings are representative of a fresh stance and opinion regarding human affairs and he posits about various aspects of the community in his writings (Hammond). On a general note, it is these qualities that make Veblin a legitimate precursor of the Chicago School. In most of his writings, Veblen has always presented an oppositional stance against Christianity; this is because the leisure class always used it as an appendix. Analysts have described Veblen’s interpretation of Christianity as a patriarchal religion who subserves the elite and the leisure class. However in his writing, Christian Morals and the Competitive System, Veblen takes a different stance. In the essay that was published in 1910, Veblen takes the Christian religion separately and discusses it in the context of the Western culture. In the essay and to subtle degrees in his other writings, Veblen talks about Christianity in good terms and discusses its morals as an important practice in the function of We stern society. Veblen was of the perspective that Christianity is a promoter of love and self-abnegation amongst the people. However Veblin also argued that the Western society is not merely characteristic of Christian morals. It also has the tendency to be competitive. This gives rise to the dilemma if the two traits can co-exist at the same time. If contradictions between them emerge, it is necessary for people to choose either of the two. Moreover the question arises that what would the effect of such a choice be on the Western civilization (Mestrovic 148). Veblen’s writings are characteristic of a perspective that contemporary social thought is essentially a burden on the â€Å"solitary, egoistic individual† (Mestrovic 154). This burden could have been borne by people living in the 18th century. However the advent of the new century has seen changes in the market and the society. The 18th century, being typically driven towards the service of the community and the activities were also community-centred, could have provided a better environment for the application of the contemporary social thought. However the contemporary social thought has no place in a complicated, post-modern society (Mestrovic 155). He argued that with the shift from feudalism to capitalism, competition and â€Å"pecuniary exploit† replaced â€Å"chivalric exploit†. The resulting habits of thoughts were being considered dysfunctional in the new era of capitalism. The habits of life were becoming a much more important part of the society as it moved towards a capitalist society. Although Veblen believed that Christian morals and rules of businesses stemmed from two differing cultural environments, they had some features in common. He correlated the two, and it may be this character that makes Veblen a suitable candidate for being a precursor of the Chicago School.

Role of Franchising in Business Growth

Role of Franchising in Business Growth CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Franchising has become one of the most recognizable business formats and an internationalization strategy for business practitioners globally and also in the United Kingdom especially in the way entrepreneurs are operating under other peoples business concept. It has emerged over the years as a popular expansion strategy for a variety of product and service companies. This research critically examines how franchising play vital role in retail business growth and expansion in the food industry, using the Strand Mc Donalds as a case study. The research looks at the importance of franchising, and will be very informative for organizations and stakeholders directly and indirectly involves in franchising business. This chapter looks at the research background, organization background, the research problem, the aim and objectives of the study, the scope and limitations, brief introduction of the study area and the structure of the research. RESEARCH BACKGROUND Franchising is basically a specialized form of licensing in which the franchisor not only leases intangible property (normally a trademark) to the franchisee but also insists that the franchisee agree to abide by strict rules as to how it does business. The franchisor will often assist the franchisee to run the business on an ongoing basis, (Hill 2008.pp 408). It is similar to licensing, although franchising tends to involve longer term commitments than licensing. Franchising is a method of distributing products or services. At least two levels of people are involved in a franchise agreement, namely: the Franchisor, who lends his trade mark or trade name and a business system; and the Franchisee, who pays a royalty and often an initial fee for the right to do business under the franchisors name and system of operations, technically, the contract binding the two parties is the franchise. Franchising has emerged in recent years as a highly significant strategy for business growth, job creation, and economic development at both local and international retail business arena, (Hoffman Prebble, 1995.p 80). It has moved from traditional product (trade mark) areas such as automobiles, petroleum and soft -drink bottlers to be a more proven format business concept. Over 80% of Mc Donald restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by local businessmen and women. They adapted Ray Krocs franchising business strategy of providing high standard of quality, friendly services, cleanliness and value, (QSCV). Also in the hotel industry, companies such as Marriott, Holiday Inn, Hilton and Accor have employed franchising as their primary growth strategy globally. Of course, the most well known restaurant franchise in the worlds is McDonalds. So much has been written about Ray Kroc and the McDonalds brothers that McDonalds and Crock have become an institution. The first McDonalds were opened in Des Plaines, Illinois, in 1955 and soon afterward, more McDonalds outlets continued to open. Today there are more than 30,000 McDonalds in 118 countries. There is no doubt that when it comes to franchising and fast foods in general, McDonalds is the leader of the pack. (Teixeira, 2005, p. 20). The international franchise association estimates that American consumers spend approximately 1.3 trillion dollars on franchise goods and services on an annual basis. (Teixeira 2005, p.19). This shows that the franchise strategy is one of the important aspects in expanding business and economic development. Different research methods will be used to analyze data/ findings for this research, and the sources of data will include observations and interviews. This research therefore, focuses on the importance of franchising as a business growth and expansion strategy from both the franchisee and the franchisors perspective. It also examines the relationship that exists between the franchisee and the franchisor .The benefits of franchising to Mc Donalds (franchisors) in expanding its business globally and its international market position through leveraging its brand name and business process through the utilization of the capital and local management of its franchisees will also be examine in this research. ORGANIZATION BACKGROUND McDonalds Corporation (McDonalds) is one of the worlds largest foodservice retailing chain. The company is known for its burgers and fries which it sells through more than 31,900 fast-food restaurants in over 100 countries. The company originated and operates mainly in the US and has expanded globally to over 100 countries including United Kingdom. It is headquartered in Oak Brook, Illinois and employs about 400,000people. The company recorded revenues of $23,522.4 million during fiscal year ending December 2008 (FY2008), an increase of 3.2% over FY2007. The operating profit of the company was $6,442.9 million during FY2008, an increase of 66.1% over FY2007. The net profit was $4,313.2 million in FY2008, an increase of 80.1% over FY2007. (McDonalds Corporation Company profile, (Data monitor) June 2009, p.16) McDonalds restaurants offer a substantially uniform menu, although there might be geographic variations. In financial year 2008, the company operated more than 31,900 fast food restaurants in over 100 countries in the following geographic segments: the US; Europe; Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa (APMEA); Latin America and Canada. The company is one of the worlds largest food service retailing chain, preparing and serving a range of foods. All McDonalds restaurants offer a standard menu, which comprise food items such as hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken sandwiches, Big Mac, Quarter Pounder with Cheese, Filet-O-Fish, Chicken McNuggets, French fries, salads, milk shakes, desserts and ice cream sundaes. Some McDonalds restaurants offer additional food items to suit local taste and preferences and sell a variety of other products during limited-time promotions. (McDonalds Corporation Company profile (Datamonitor), June 2009, p.5) McDonalds generates revenues through company operated restaurants and franchisee restaurants where over 6,500 are operated by the company and over 25,400 are operated by franchisees and affiliates. The companys revenue comprises sales from company operated restaurants and fees as well as rent from franchisees and affiliates. Under the franchise arrangement, the franchisees invest in the equipment, signage, seating and decor, while the company owns or leases the land and building. Franchisees pay the company service fees and rent for premises. A service fee is set as a percentage of sales, while rent and other terms of occupancy are stipulated in the franchise agreement, which is drawn for a period of 20 years. (McDonalds Corporation Company profile, June 2009) The company and its franchisees as well as affiliates source purchase food, packaging, equipment and other goods from approved suppliers. The company maintains quality standards through assurance laboratories around the world. A quality assurance board, including the companys technical, safety and supply chain specialists, provide guidance on all aspects of food quality and safety. The major competitors of McDonalds include Starbucks corporations, Burger Kings Inc, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), and other upcoming high streets food restaurants worldwide. (McDonalds Corporation Company profile, (Datamonitor) June 2009) In October 1974, the company opened its 3000th restaurant and the first in the U.K in woolwich, south-east London, (Business franchise, 2009). The U.K headoffice was sited in Hampstead, North London.Web1 Also in 1986, the first U.K franchisee- operated restaurant opened in Hayes, Middlesex, (Business franchise,2009) and the first Drive-thru restaurants opened in U.K at fallowfield, Dudley, Neasden and Coventry. Web1 RESEARCH PROBLEM Research problem forms the basis of most academic research study. It is based on this that the aim, objectives and the research questions of most dissertations are formulated. There must be identified problems that the dissertation seems to tackle, mostly business problems. Despite the popularity of franchising among business organizations and entrepreneurs nowadays as a business expansion and development strategy, it has been unacceptable to some entrepreneurs because of its disadvantages and risks involved. To these groups of individuals, setting up and management of owned business is the best option, no matter which forms it take to start. The assumption is that franchising is a system of building, expanding and adding value to someone else existing business, which many entrepreneurs will always avoid, as Norman(2006) indicated Many conclude the time, effort, money and shift in emphasis from running a business to helping others run businesses is not right for their companies,(p3) On the other side, some individuals choose franchising as their best option to start up business because of its merits and less risk involved in starting business. To these pro-franchising entrepreneurs, it plays a major role in business growth and expansion, especially in retail food industry globally. This research, therefore critically examines these arguments and answer the question how is franchising vital to retail business growth and expansion according to the views of the pro- franchising business entrepreneurs. SIGNIFICACE OF THE STUDY Theoretically, a broad range of literature does exist on franchising concepts and in most instances, there seems to be gap between theory and practice in most business organizations. However, it is significant to find out the practicality of the literature in real life situations. It is essential therefore, to carry out this study in order to find out whether in reality the ideas provided by literatures are actually revolving around management issues and applied to business organizations. The findings of this study will assist a wide range of stakeholders interested in franchising business including the government, private sectors, and local authorities to increase the general understanding and knowledge of franchising particularly in the food sector. To the researchers, academicians, it helps deepen further research in business development who will be interested in franchising in the future. RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES The main aim of this dissertation is to investigate how franchising play an essential role in retail business growth and expansion in the food industry. Research Objectives In order to achieve the above stated aim, the following objectives will be specified: Analyze the impacts and importance of franchising (business format) on organizations (business) growth and expansion. Assess the benefits of franchised businesses on the socio-economic growth of the economy. To determine whether economic conditions affects the success of franchising as a strategy for business growth and expansion. Investigate the importance of the franchisee-franchisor relationship on the business growth and expansion. Examine the risks involved in the franchising relationship. Examine the effects/impacts of globalization on franchising as a business growth and expansion strategy. To make suggestions and recommendations based on the findings elicited by the study. THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study was carried out in London covering using one of the McDonalds restaurants as the study area. The content of the study was to understand how franchising contributes to business growth and expansion in retail business sector. THE STUDY AREA London is one of the cities of England; it is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. It has 32 boroughs, of which 13 are in the inner London and 19 constitute the outer London. (Office for National Statistics Online). Web2cited. It is a growing city spreading out and swallowing many villages and towns in the south east of England. Because of this, there are many conflicting definitions of London and Greater London and the population of London varies accordingly. As the capital city, London occupies over 6,267 square miles (16,043km2). London population is heavily concentrated at about 4,539 people per sq km/ 11,568 per sq mi. Web3 According to the figure from the April 2001 census, London population was 7,172,000. This represents 14.6 percent of the total population of Britain. The population as of mid 2005 was thought to have been increased to 7,517,700 of which about half of this figure lives in inner and central London and the remaining lives in outer boroughs. Web 3 Londons population has grown every year since 1988, and it is likely that in the years to 2031, it will continue its steady growth. The study area lies in inner London borough of Westminster, which lies in the busy business environment of the city (central business district), It is very close to the seat of power, the parliament, and it is very close to many international business environments, busy London streets, tourist attractions like the London eye, Trafalgar square, British museum, National Gallery, National Art gallery, Covent Garden- since its redevelopment in the 1970s has become a popular piazza and nucleus for visitor activity in Londons cultural district with theatre, opera and ballet venues. (Page et al, 2001.p122). London is a multicultural city, where different people from around the world lives and study, it comprises of individuals with diverse cultural background. Because of the above description about the study area, it has become an important area to carry out this research, because of the concentration of other franchised business in the area. STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH Chapter One (Introduction): This state clearly the purpose of the dissertation, it includes the background of the study, significant of study, the statement of the research problems, organization background, the research aims and objectives, scope and limitations of the study. It also describes the study area briefly. Chapter Two (Literature Review): This section deals with the academic review of texts, journals, articles and so on, relevant to this research topic. It also discusses model and relevant theoretical ideas on the subject matter. Chapter Three (Research Methodology): comprises the methodology used for this study. It includes the styles and techniques chosen in collecting primary and secondary data/ informations for this research purpose. Chapter Four (Data Analysis/ Research Findings): The chapter that report and describes the findings of the survey to be undertaken, it describes both primary and secondary findings. Chapter Five (Conclusions and Recommendations): This chapter set out the main findings of the dissertations linking it with the literature reviews and the research findings. It also sets out clear recommendations which came out of the research work. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION This chapter provides a review of relevant literatures on franchising. It will be used as a base to throw more light on the importance of franchising concept and the roles it plays in business growth and expansion. The literatures were selected and critically evaluated in a bid to sift the relevant informations, and portray the opinions of relevant authors. It offers academic insight to research previously conducted by authors on the importance of franchising to retail business growth. Lastly, the section acknowledges the principal research questions for this study. DEFINITIONS OF FRANCHISING CONCEPT Hill, (2008) defines franchising as a specialized form of licensing in which the franchisor not only sells the intangible property (normally a trademark) to the franchisee, but it also insists that the franchisee agree to abide by strict rules as to how it does business, (p.408). It usually involves long term commitments than licensing. On the other hand, Business format franchising is a joint venture between an independent person (the franchisee) and a business owner (the franchisor) who wants to expand its activities. The venture is governed by a contract. This gives the franchisee the right to operate using the franchisors trade name/ trademark, in accordance with a business format or blueprint. All aspects of the franchisees business are strictly controlled including image, products or service, systems and administration. (HSBC Bank, 2009.p1) The franchisee pays certain amount of money for the right to use the franchisors trademark. Firms use franchise arrangements to extend scarce firm resources, because the franchisee puts up both an initial fee and much of the capital investment, franchisors are able to expand their markets without having to generate capital by themselves, and in most cases exploit on the knowledge of the local entrepreneurs in expanding their business. This is an attractive option, particularly in mass consumer services such as fast food that require the construction of many units to achieve brand name recognition and increased market share like McDonalds Restaurants. BRIEF HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT IN FRANCHISING Franchising is highly developed in the USA, although popular in the UK, but a recent phenomenon. Its development dates back to the end of the American civil war (1865), when the singer sewing company franchised exclusive sales territories to financially independent operators. In 1898, General motors used independently owned businesses to increase its distribution outlet. (Lancaster Reynolds, 2005, p160).At some point, there were some form of disagreements and arguments among historians in the United States regarding when the franchise system first started. According to Bythe Bennett,(2008), franchising began to gain acceptance as a viable business arrangement with the growth of automobile industry, and also in the petroleum industry during the 1930s, (p.234) Franchising became one of the fastest growing types of retailing business in the United Kingdom in recent years.It was introduced into the UK in the early 1950s and since those early days, has become respectable and often very profitable business concept as a result of explosion in the number of franchises being operated. Today franchising encompasses products from pipes to pastries and includes such well known names as Body Shop, Kentucky Fried Chicken, McDonalds, and so on. (Lancaster Massingham, 1999, p269). For instance, Over 80% of Mc Donald restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by local entrepreneurs. They adapted Ray Krocs franchising business strategy of providing high standard of quality, friendly services, cleanliness and value, (QSCV). Also in the hotel industry, companies such as Marriott, Holiday Inn, Hilton and Accor have employed franchising as their primary growth strategy globally. The first McDonalds were opened in Des Plaines, Illinois, in 1955 and soon afterward, more McDonalds outlets continued to open. Today, McDonalds has over 300,000 restaurants in 119 countries outside the U.S or in non-traditional site locations in the US. There is no doubt that when it comes to franchising and fast foods in general, McDonalds is the leader of the pack. Of course, the most well known restaurant franchise in the world today is McDonalds and so much has been written about Ray krok and the McDonalds brothers that McDonalds and Crock have become an institution. (Teixeira, 2005. p.20-21). Teixeira, (2005, p21), indicated that during 1960s and 1970s, the growth of franchise industry exploded and continued to gain appeal with a boom mostly in Europe, on an increased rate, and this has been supported also by welsh (1992) in Doole Robin (2004) franchising has grown rapidly during the 1990s due to the strong interest in a variety of franchise formats, (p.230). These successes remain an ongoing process. According to Ghauri Cateora (2005, p.280), franchising has become the fastest growing market entry strategy, it is often among the first types of foreign retail business to open in the emerging market economies of Eastern Europe, the former USSR, and China. It has become successful as it is evidenced in most retail food business, and it has now become a major business growth and development and marketing strategy globally. It can be viewed from these two perspectives. McDonalds is a good example of organization that has grown with franchising strategy, (Hill, 2008.p.408). Franchising explosion in recent years however has increasingly saturated the domestic market, where businesses are opening in airports, sports stadiums, colleges, hospitals, parks, casinos, pools and other strategic locations globally. (Kotler Keller, 2006.p508) Lastly, the surge in franchising has been underpinned by the efforts of different bodies who regulates the activities of franchised organizations, like the International Franchise Association, (IFA), British Franchising Association, (BFA) various franchising organizations globally, which has developed codes of practice for franchising entrepreneurs, and in doing so, has recorded progress and greatly helped to reduce the risks to both franchisees and the franchisors. (BFA NatWest Bank, 1991). TYPES OF FRANCHISING Monir (1999 pp.164) identified two major types of franchising in his book. These include: First Generation/Product Distribution Franchising simply sells the franchisors products and is supplier-dealer relationships. In product distribution franchising, the franchisor licenses its trademark and logo to the franchisees but typically does not provide them with an entire system for running their business. This is often common with soft drink-bottling industries, automobile, and in petrol retailing. Second Generation/Business format franchising by contrast, the franchisor transfers a much more comprehensive business package (the format) to buyers of the franchisee. This contains most of the elements needed by the buyer to establish and replicate the business. The buyer also receives detailed instructions and guidance on how to operate the franchise successfully, managerial expertise, training and perhaps financial support if need be. Diagram 1: Showing Two major types of franchising There have been other divisions of franchising as recognized by other authors identified as important for the understanding of this research. Justis Judd, (2007, p.56) identifies two major types of franchising namely: product and trade name and business format franchising. Nathan, (2008 p.54) also classifies business format franchising into six major groupings as follows: executive, job, investment, management, retail, sales and distribution franchise. Also, on the other hand, Murray (2006, p.23), identifies four major categories as, Job, Retail, Management and Investment Franchising. Franchise Arrangements Beshel (2001,p3), reiterated that because of the possibilities of so many franchisors, industries and range of investments, there exists different types of franchise arrangements available to business owner. Two types of franchise arrangements were identified: Single-Unit(direct) franchise Multi-Unit Franchise ( Area development and Master development franchise) A single-unit (direct-unit) franchise is an agreement where the franchisor grants a franchisee the rights to open and operate one franchise unit. This is the simplest and most common type of franchise. It is possible, however, for a franchisee to purchase additional single-unit franchises once the original franchise unit begins to prosper, it is then considered a multiple, single-unit relationship. A multi-unit franchise is an agreement where the franchisor grants a franchisee the rights to open and operate more than one unit. Beshel (2001, p3), also identifies two ways in which multi-unit franchise can be achieved: An area development franchise or A master franchise. Under an area development franchise, a franchisee has the right to open more than one unit during a specific time, within a specified area. For instance, a franchisee may agree to open 5 units over a five year period in a specified territory, while master franchise agreement gives the franchisee more rights than an area development agreement. In addition to having the right and obligation to open and operate a certain number of units in a defined area, the master franchisee also has the right to sell franchises to other people within the territory, known as sub-franchises. Therefore, the master franchisee takes over many of the tasks, duties and benefits of the franchisor, such as providing support and training, as well as receiving fees and royalties, (Beshel, 2001, p3-4). Blair Lafontaine (2005, p.90) and Philip et al, (2006, p.77) also identifies the above four classifications as forms of franchising where all the four were grouped together. Building a strong foundation for a successful franchising strategy A successful franchising concept needs an appropriate business strategy and lots of facts have been identified as making a business appropriate to be franchised and make it worthwhile to invest in. According to HSBC Bank, (2009, p1), a well established and proven business format franchise from the franchisee perspective should provide an established market for the franchisors products and services, proven sales, marketing and operational procedures, the benefit of an established business name, training (ongoing support and help in running the business), also, where appropriate, help in finding, fitting out and furnishing premises. Hoffman Prebble (2008, p.68) also add some factors that influence the appropriateness of a business concept using franchising including; valuable System to sell, proprietary process/ advantage for making the product in getting to the end customers, a satisfactory brand/ trade name like McDonalds which will be acceptable to the larger population, and high Profit Margin business. On the other hand, Murray (2004,p.67), shows some possibilities in which potential franchisee get a proven business format and support from the franchisor, which includes, an entire business concept with no bits missing out, with the aid of the operating manuals, trademarks, logos, patents, and standard designs for the layout of the premises, colour and pattern of staff uniforms, accounting and financial systems, training and help to set up the business, continuing help and back-up once the business is operating, legal right to operate in an exclusive territory and marketing, public relations and advertising support, decor in case of retail franchises, the franchisor will provide design and advice for the fitting and decoration of the shop and the installation of any equipment necessary, records, the franchisor will provide the franchisee with sales report and accounts forms to assist the franchisee maintain accurate financial report. On the franchisors perspectives, Sherman (2003, p414), explains that in order for business growth through franchising, a secure foundation from which companys franchising programme has to be launched. He uses the concept of the responsible franchising as the only way to avoid failure and to ensure a harmonious relationship with the franchisees. He outlines some of the key components of a responsible franchising strategy. These includes, proven prototype location/ chains of stores, strong management team, sufficient capitalization, distinctive and protected trade identity, comprehensive training programmes franchisees, proprietary and proven methods of operation and management, field support staff who are skilled trainers and communicators, set of comprehensive legal documents, demonstrated market demand for the companys products and services, set of carefully developed, uniform site selection criteria and architectural standards, genuine understanding of the competition, relationship s with suppliers, lenders, real estates developers, franchisee profile and screening system, an effective system of reporting and record-keeping, research and development capabilities, communication system, national, regional and local advertising, marketing and so on. Sherman (2003, p.417), went further to acknowledge that Responsible franchising starts with an understanding of the strategic essence of the franchising structure. He identified three critical components of the franchise systems from the franchisors perspective. The brand, which creates the demand, allowing the franchisee to initially obtain customers, the brand includes the companys trademarks and service marks, its trade dress, decor and all of the intangible factors that create customer loyalty and build brand equity, the operating system, which essentially delivers the promise, thereby allowing the franchisee to maintain customer relationships and build loyalty, the ongoing support and training that the franchisors provide, supplying the franchisee with the tools and tips to expand its customer base and build its market share. Sherman, (2003,) also acknowledges the importance of customers in any responsible franchising business concept. He mentions that the responsibly built franchise system is one that provides value to its franchisees by teaching them how to get and keep as many customers as possible who consume as many products and services as possible, as often as possible,(p.417). He concludes that the focus must always be on the customer, where the franchisor essentially licenses and delegates the task of local brand building and market expansion to the franchisee in its local territory. (Sherman, 2003, p.417) Importance of Franchising To Business Growth and Expansion Franchising has gained much popularity in modern business environment over the years, because of its success in contributing to business growth and expansion globally which is the primary aim of this research. This can be viewed from the perspective of the franchisee and franchisor respectively. Sherman (2003) acknowledges the growth of a business via business-format franchising in the United States. He maintains that The ability to obtain operating efficiencies and economies of scale are among the reasons for franchising and one of the key components of a responsible franchising strategy is a proven type of location that will serve as a basis for a franchising strategy, (p.411). Over the past three decades, franchising has emerged as a popular expansion strategy for a variety of product and service companies. Sherman,(2003), points to the importance of franchising, he states that recent international franchise association (IFA) statistics demonstrates that retail sales from franchised outlets comprise nearly 50% of all retail sales in the U.S, estimated at more than $900 billion and employing some nine million people in 2000. (p.411) Also in his view, Sherman,( 2003,p 411), points out to what has made franchising so popular in the U.S. and globally as a business development and expansion strategy, from the franchisors view, franchising represents an efficient method of rapid market penetration and product distribution, without the typical capital costs associated with internal expansion.On the other hand, from the franchisees perspective, franchising is regarded as a method of owning a business but with a less severe chance of failure due to the initial and ongoing training and support services offered by the franchisor. According to Shay (2009, p.6) franchising is the key to Global Economic Recovery and that franchise businesses represent some of the worlds best brands. He went on to explain the rate at which fra Role of Franchising in Business Growth Role of Franchising in Business Growth CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Franchising has become one of the most recognizable business formats and an internationalization strategy for business practitioners globally and also in the United Kingdom especially in the way entrepreneurs are operating under other peoples business concept. It has emerged over the years as a popular expansion strategy for a variety of product and service companies. This research critically examines how franchising play vital role in retail business growth and expansion in the food industry, using the Strand Mc Donalds as a case study. The research looks at the importance of franchising, and will be very informative for organizations and stakeholders directly and indirectly involves in franchising business. This chapter looks at the research background, organization background, the research problem, the aim and objectives of the study, the scope and limitations, brief introduction of the study area and the structure of the research. RESEARCH BACKGROUND Franchising is basically a specialized form of licensing in which the franchisor not only leases intangible property (normally a trademark) to the franchisee but also insists that the franchisee agree to abide by strict rules as to how it does business. The franchisor will often assist the franchisee to run the business on an ongoing basis, (Hill 2008.pp 408). It is similar to licensing, although franchising tends to involve longer term commitments than licensing. Franchising is a method of distributing products or services. At least two levels of people are involved in a franchise agreement, namely: the Franchisor, who lends his trade mark or trade name and a business system; and the Franchisee, who pays a royalty and often an initial fee for the right to do business under the franchisors name and system of operations, technically, the contract binding the two parties is the franchise. Franchising has emerged in recent years as a highly significant strategy for business growth, job creation, and economic development at both local and international retail business arena, (Hoffman Prebble, 1995.p 80). It has moved from traditional product (trade mark) areas such as automobiles, petroleum and soft -drink bottlers to be a more proven format business concept. Over 80% of Mc Donald restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by local businessmen and women. They adapted Ray Krocs franchising business strategy of providing high standard of quality, friendly services, cleanliness and value, (QSCV). Also in the hotel industry, companies such as Marriott, Holiday Inn, Hilton and Accor have employed franchising as their primary growth strategy globally. Of course, the most well known restaurant franchise in the worlds is McDonalds. So much has been written about Ray Kroc and the McDonalds brothers that McDonalds and Crock have become an institution. The first McDonalds were opened in Des Plaines, Illinois, in 1955 and soon afterward, more McDonalds outlets continued to open. Today there are more than 30,000 McDonalds in 118 countries. There is no doubt that when it comes to franchising and fast foods in general, McDonalds is the leader of the pack. (Teixeira, 2005, p. 20). The international franchise association estimates that American consumers spend approximately 1.3 trillion dollars on franchise goods and services on an annual basis. (Teixeira 2005, p.19). This shows that the franchise strategy is one of the important aspects in expanding business and economic development. Different research methods will be used to analyze data/ findings for this research, and the sources of data will include observations and interviews. This research therefore, focuses on the importance of franchising as a business growth and expansion strategy from both the franchisee and the franchisors perspective. It also examines the relationship that exists between the franchisee and the franchisor .The benefits of franchising to Mc Donalds (franchisors) in expanding its business globally and its international market position through leveraging its brand name and business process through the utilization of the capital and local management of its franchisees will also be examine in this research. ORGANIZATION BACKGROUND McDonalds Corporation (McDonalds) is one of the worlds largest foodservice retailing chain. The company is known for its burgers and fries which it sells through more than 31,900 fast-food restaurants in over 100 countries. The company originated and operates mainly in the US and has expanded globally to over 100 countries including United Kingdom. It is headquartered in Oak Brook, Illinois and employs about 400,000people. The company recorded revenues of $23,522.4 million during fiscal year ending December 2008 (FY2008), an increase of 3.2% over FY2007. The operating profit of the company was $6,442.9 million during FY2008, an increase of 66.1% over FY2007. The net profit was $4,313.2 million in FY2008, an increase of 80.1% over FY2007. (McDonalds Corporation Company profile, (Data monitor) June 2009, p.16) McDonalds restaurants offer a substantially uniform menu, although there might be geographic variations. In financial year 2008, the company operated more than 31,900 fast food restaurants in over 100 countries in the following geographic segments: the US; Europe; Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa (APMEA); Latin America and Canada. The company is one of the worlds largest food service retailing chain, preparing and serving a range of foods. All McDonalds restaurants offer a standard menu, which comprise food items such as hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken sandwiches, Big Mac, Quarter Pounder with Cheese, Filet-O-Fish, Chicken McNuggets, French fries, salads, milk shakes, desserts and ice cream sundaes. Some McDonalds restaurants offer additional food items to suit local taste and preferences and sell a variety of other products during limited-time promotions. (McDonalds Corporation Company profile (Datamonitor), June 2009, p.5) McDonalds generates revenues through company operated restaurants and franchisee restaurants where over 6,500 are operated by the company and over 25,400 are operated by franchisees and affiliates. The companys revenue comprises sales from company operated restaurants and fees as well as rent from franchisees and affiliates. Under the franchise arrangement, the franchisees invest in the equipment, signage, seating and decor, while the company owns or leases the land and building. Franchisees pay the company service fees and rent for premises. A service fee is set as a percentage of sales, while rent and other terms of occupancy are stipulated in the franchise agreement, which is drawn for a period of 20 years. (McDonalds Corporation Company profile, June 2009) The company and its franchisees as well as affiliates source purchase food, packaging, equipment and other goods from approved suppliers. The company maintains quality standards through assurance laboratories around the world. A quality assurance board, including the companys technical, safety and supply chain specialists, provide guidance on all aspects of food quality and safety. The major competitors of McDonalds include Starbucks corporations, Burger Kings Inc, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), and other upcoming high streets food restaurants worldwide. (McDonalds Corporation Company profile, (Datamonitor) June 2009) In October 1974, the company opened its 3000th restaurant and the first in the U.K in woolwich, south-east London, (Business franchise, 2009). The U.K headoffice was sited in Hampstead, North London.Web1 Also in 1986, the first U.K franchisee- operated restaurant opened in Hayes, Middlesex, (Business franchise,2009) and the first Drive-thru restaurants opened in U.K at fallowfield, Dudley, Neasden and Coventry. Web1 RESEARCH PROBLEM Research problem forms the basis of most academic research study. It is based on this that the aim, objectives and the research questions of most dissertations are formulated. There must be identified problems that the dissertation seems to tackle, mostly business problems. Despite the popularity of franchising among business organizations and entrepreneurs nowadays as a business expansion and development strategy, it has been unacceptable to some entrepreneurs because of its disadvantages and risks involved. To these groups of individuals, setting up and management of owned business is the best option, no matter which forms it take to start. The assumption is that franchising is a system of building, expanding and adding value to someone else existing business, which many entrepreneurs will always avoid, as Norman(2006) indicated Many conclude the time, effort, money and shift in emphasis from running a business to helping others run businesses is not right for their companies,(p3) On the other side, some individuals choose franchising as their best option to start up business because of its merits and less risk involved in starting business. To these pro-franchising entrepreneurs, it plays a major role in business growth and expansion, especially in retail food industry globally. This research, therefore critically examines these arguments and answer the question how is franchising vital to retail business growth and expansion according to the views of the pro- franchising business entrepreneurs. SIGNIFICACE OF THE STUDY Theoretically, a broad range of literature does exist on franchising concepts and in most instances, there seems to be gap between theory and practice in most business organizations. However, it is significant to find out the practicality of the literature in real life situations. It is essential therefore, to carry out this study in order to find out whether in reality the ideas provided by literatures are actually revolving around management issues and applied to business organizations. The findings of this study will assist a wide range of stakeholders interested in franchising business including the government, private sectors, and local authorities to increase the general understanding and knowledge of franchising particularly in the food sector. To the researchers, academicians, it helps deepen further research in business development who will be interested in franchising in the future. RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES The main aim of this dissertation is to investigate how franchising play an essential role in retail business growth and expansion in the food industry. Research Objectives In order to achieve the above stated aim, the following objectives will be specified: Analyze the impacts and importance of franchising (business format) on organizations (business) growth and expansion. Assess the benefits of franchised businesses on the socio-economic growth of the economy. To determine whether economic conditions affects the success of franchising as a strategy for business growth and expansion. Investigate the importance of the franchisee-franchisor relationship on the business growth and expansion. Examine the risks involved in the franchising relationship. Examine the effects/impacts of globalization on franchising as a business growth and expansion strategy. To make suggestions and recommendations based on the findings elicited by the study. THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study was carried out in London covering using one of the McDonalds restaurants as the study area. The content of the study was to understand how franchising contributes to business growth and expansion in retail business sector. THE STUDY AREA London is one of the cities of England; it is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. It has 32 boroughs, of which 13 are in the inner London and 19 constitute the outer London. (Office for National Statistics Online). Web2cited. It is a growing city spreading out and swallowing many villages and towns in the south east of England. Because of this, there are many conflicting definitions of London and Greater London and the population of London varies accordingly. As the capital city, London occupies over 6,267 square miles (16,043km2). London population is heavily concentrated at about 4,539 people per sq km/ 11,568 per sq mi. Web3 According to the figure from the April 2001 census, London population was 7,172,000. This represents 14.6 percent of the total population of Britain. The population as of mid 2005 was thought to have been increased to 7,517,700 of which about half of this figure lives in inner and central London and the remaining lives in outer boroughs. Web 3 Londons population has grown every year since 1988, and it is likely that in the years to 2031, it will continue its steady growth. The study area lies in inner London borough of Westminster, which lies in the busy business environment of the city (central business district), It is very close to the seat of power, the parliament, and it is very close to many international business environments, busy London streets, tourist attractions like the London eye, Trafalgar square, British museum, National Gallery, National Art gallery, Covent Garden- since its redevelopment in the 1970s has become a popular piazza and nucleus for visitor activity in Londons cultural district with theatre, opera and ballet venues. (Page et al, 2001.p122). London is a multicultural city, where different people from around the world lives and study, it comprises of individuals with diverse cultural background. Because of the above description about the study area, it has become an important area to carry out this research, because of the concentration of other franchised business in the area. STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH Chapter One (Introduction): This state clearly the purpose of the dissertation, it includes the background of the study, significant of study, the statement of the research problems, organization background, the research aims and objectives, scope and limitations of the study. It also describes the study area briefly. Chapter Two (Literature Review): This section deals with the academic review of texts, journals, articles and so on, relevant to this research topic. It also discusses model and relevant theoretical ideas on the subject matter. Chapter Three (Research Methodology): comprises the methodology used for this study. It includes the styles and techniques chosen in collecting primary and secondary data/ informations for this research purpose. Chapter Four (Data Analysis/ Research Findings): The chapter that report and describes the findings of the survey to be undertaken, it describes both primary and secondary findings. Chapter Five (Conclusions and Recommendations): This chapter set out the main findings of the dissertations linking it with the literature reviews and the research findings. It also sets out clear recommendations which came out of the research work. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION This chapter provides a review of relevant literatures on franchising. It will be used as a base to throw more light on the importance of franchising concept and the roles it plays in business growth and expansion. The literatures were selected and critically evaluated in a bid to sift the relevant informations, and portray the opinions of relevant authors. It offers academic insight to research previously conducted by authors on the importance of franchising to retail business growth. Lastly, the section acknowledges the principal research questions for this study. DEFINITIONS OF FRANCHISING CONCEPT Hill, (2008) defines franchising as a specialized form of licensing in which the franchisor not only sells the intangible property (normally a trademark) to the franchisee, but it also insists that the franchisee agree to abide by strict rules as to how it does business, (p.408). It usually involves long term commitments than licensing. On the other hand, Business format franchising is a joint venture between an independent person (the franchisee) and a business owner (the franchisor) who wants to expand its activities. The venture is governed by a contract. This gives the franchisee the right to operate using the franchisors trade name/ trademark, in accordance with a business format or blueprint. All aspects of the franchisees business are strictly controlled including image, products or service, systems and administration. (HSBC Bank, 2009.p1) The franchisee pays certain amount of money for the right to use the franchisors trademark. Firms use franchise arrangements to extend scarce firm resources, because the franchisee puts up both an initial fee and much of the capital investment, franchisors are able to expand their markets without having to generate capital by themselves, and in most cases exploit on the knowledge of the local entrepreneurs in expanding their business. This is an attractive option, particularly in mass consumer services such as fast food that require the construction of many units to achieve brand name recognition and increased market share like McDonalds Restaurants. BRIEF HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT IN FRANCHISING Franchising is highly developed in the USA, although popular in the UK, but a recent phenomenon. Its development dates back to the end of the American civil war (1865), when the singer sewing company franchised exclusive sales territories to financially independent operators. In 1898, General motors used independently owned businesses to increase its distribution outlet. (Lancaster Reynolds, 2005, p160).At some point, there were some form of disagreements and arguments among historians in the United States regarding when the franchise system first started. According to Bythe Bennett,(2008), franchising began to gain acceptance as a viable business arrangement with the growth of automobile industry, and also in the petroleum industry during the 1930s, (p.234) Franchising became one of the fastest growing types of retailing business in the United Kingdom in recent years.It was introduced into the UK in the early 1950s and since those early days, has become respectable and often very profitable business concept as a result of explosion in the number of franchises being operated. Today franchising encompasses products from pipes to pastries and includes such well known names as Body Shop, Kentucky Fried Chicken, McDonalds, and so on. (Lancaster Massingham, 1999, p269). For instance, Over 80% of Mc Donald restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by local entrepreneurs. They adapted Ray Krocs franchising business strategy of providing high standard of quality, friendly services, cleanliness and value, (QSCV). Also in the hotel industry, companies such as Marriott, Holiday Inn, Hilton and Accor have employed franchising as their primary growth strategy globally. The first McDonalds were opened in Des Plaines, Illinois, in 1955 and soon afterward, more McDonalds outlets continued to open. Today, McDonalds has over 300,000 restaurants in 119 countries outside the U.S or in non-traditional site locations in the US. There is no doubt that when it comes to franchising and fast foods in general, McDonalds is the leader of the pack. Of course, the most well known restaurant franchise in the world today is McDonalds and so much has been written about Ray krok and the McDonalds brothers that McDonalds and Crock have become an institution. (Teixeira, 2005. p.20-21). Teixeira, (2005, p21), indicated that during 1960s and 1970s, the growth of franchise industry exploded and continued to gain appeal with a boom mostly in Europe, on an increased rate, and this has been supported also by welsh (1992) in Doole Robin (2004) franchising has grown rapidly during the 1990s due to the strong interest in a variety of franchise formats, (p.230). These successes remain an ongoing process. According to Ghauri Cateora (2005, p.280), franchising has become the fastest growing market entry strategy, it is often among the first types of foreign retail business to open in the emerging market economies of Eastern Europe, the former USSR, and China. It has become successful as it is evidenced in most retail food business, and it has now become a major business growth and development and marketing strategy globally. It can be viewed from these two perspectives. McDonalds is a good example of organization that has grown with franchising strategy, (Hill, 2008.p.408). Franchising explosion in recent years however has increasingly saturated the domestic market, where businesses are opening in airports, sports stadiums, colleges, hospitals, parks, casinos, pools and other strategic locations globally. (Kotler Keller, 2006.p508) Lastly, the surge in franchising has been underpinned by the efforts of different bodies who regulates the activities of franchised organizations, like the International Franchise Association, (IFA), British Franchising Association, (BFA) various franchising organizations globally, which has developed codes of practice for franchising entrepreneurs, and in doing so, has recorded progress and greatly helped to reduce the risks to both franchisees and the franchisors. (BFA NatWest Bank, 1991). TYPES OF FRANCHISING Monir (1999 pp.164) identified two major types of franchising in his book. These include: First Generation/Product Distribution Franchising simply sells the franchisors products and is supplier-dealer relationships. In product distribution franchising, the franchisor licenses its trademark and logo to the franchisees but typically does not provide them with an entire system for running their business. This is often common with soft drink-bottling industries, automobile, and in petrol retailing. Second Generation/Business format franchising by contrast, the franchisor transfers a much more comprehensive business package (the format) to buyers of the franchisee. This contains most of the elements needed by the buyer to establish and replicate the business. The buyer also receives detailed instructions and guidance on how to operate the franchise successfully, managerial expertise, training and perhaps financial support if need be. Diagram 1: Showing Two major types of franchising There have been other divisions of franchising as recognized by other authors identified as important for the understanding of this research. Justis Judd, (2007, p.56) identifies two major types of franchising namely: product and trade name and business format franchising. Nathan, (2008 p.54) also classifies business format franchising into six major groupings as follows: executive, job, investment, management, retail, sales and distribution franchise. Also, on the other hand, Murray (2006, p.23), identifies four major categories as, Job, Retail, Management and Investment Franchising. Franchise Arrangements Beshel (2001,p3), reiterated that because of the possibilities of so many franchisors, industries and range of investments, there exists different types of franchise arrangements available to business owner. Two types of franchise arrangements were identified: Single-Unit(direct) franchise Multi-Unit Franchise ( Area development and Master development franchise) A single-unit (direct-unit) franchise is an agreement where the franchisor grants a franchisee the rights to open and operate one franchise unit. This is the simplest and most common type of franchise. It is possible, however, for a franchisee to purchase additional single-unit franchises once the original franchise unit begins to prosper, it is then considered a multiple, single-unit relationship. A multi-unit franchise is an agreement where the franchisor grants a franchisee the rights to open and operate more than one unit. Beshel (2001, p3), also identifies two ways in which multi-unit franchise can be achieved: An area development franchise or A master franchise. Under an area development franchise, a franchisee has the right to open more than one unit during a specific time, within a specified area. For instance, a franchisee may agree to open 5 units over a five year period in a specified territory, while master franchise agreement gives the franchisee more rights than an area development agreement. In addition to having the right and obligation to open and operate a certain number of units in a defined area, the master franchisee also has the right to sell franchises to other people within the territory, known as sub-franchises. Therefore, the master franchisee takes over many of the tasks, duties and benefits of the franchisor, such as providing support and training, as well as receiving fees and royalties, (Beshel, 2001, p3-4). Blair Lafontaine (2005, p.90) and Philip et al, (2006, p.77) also identifies the above four classifications as forms of franchising where all the four were grouped together. Building a strong foundation for a successful franchising strategy A successful franchising concept needs an appropriate business strategy and lots of facts have been identified as making a business appropriate to be franchised and make it worthwhile to invest in. According to HSBC Bank, (2009, p1), a well established and proven business format franchise from the franchisee perspective should provide an established market for the franchisors products and services, proven sales, marketing and operational procedures, the benefit of an established business name, training (ongoing support and help in running the business), also, where appropriate, help in finding, fitting out and furnishing premises. Hoffman Prebble (2008, p.68) also add some factors that influence the appropriateness of a business concept using franchising including; valuable System to sell, proprietary process/ advantage for making the product in getting to the end customers, a satisfactory brand/ trade name like McDonalds which will be acceptable to the larger population, and high Profit Margin business. On the other hand, Murray (2004,p.67), shows some possibilities in which potential franchisee get a proven business format and support from the franchisor, which includes, an entire business concept with no bits missing out, with the aid of the operating manuals, trademarks, logos, patents, and standard designs for the layout of the premises, colour and pattern of staff uniforms, accounting and financial systems, training and help to set up the business, continuing help and back-up once the business is operating, legal right to operate in an exclusive territory and marketing, public relations and advertising support, decor in case of retail franchises, the franchisor will provide design and advice for the fitting and decoration of the shop and the installation of any equipment necessary, records, the franchisor will provide the franchisee with sales report and accounts forms to assist the franchisee maintain accurate financial report. On the franchisors perspectives, Sherman (2003, p414), explains that in order for business growth through franchising, a secure foundation from which companys franchising programme has to be launched. He uses the concept of the responsible franchising as the only way to avoid failure and to ensure a harmonious relationship with the franchisees. He outlines some of the key components of a responsible franchising strategy. These includes, proven prototype location/ chains of stores, strong management team, sufficient capitalization, distinctive and protected trade identity, comprehensive training programmes franchisees, proprietary and proven methods of operation and management, field support staff who are skilled trainers and communicators, set of comprehensive legal documents, demonstrated market demand for the companys products and services, set of carefully developed, uniform site selection criteria and architectural standards, genuine understanding of the competition, relationship s with suppliers, lenders, real estates developers, franchisee profile and screening system, an effective system of reporting and record-keeping, research and development capabilities, communication system, national, regional and local advertising, marketing and so on. Sherman (2003, p.417), went further to acknowledge that Responsible franchising starts with an understanding of the strategic essence of the franchising structure. He identified three critical components of the franchise systems from the franchisors perspective. The brand, which creates the demand, allowing the franchisee to initially obtain customers, the brand includes the companys trademarks and service marks, its trade dress, decor and all of the intangible factors that create customer loyalty and build brand equity, the operating system, which essentially delivers the promise, thereby allowing the franchisee to maintain customer relationships and build loyalty, the ongoing support and training that the franchisors provide, supplying the franchisee with the tools and tips to expand its customer base and build its market share. Sherman, (2003,) also acknowledges the importance of customers in any responsible franchising business concept. He mentions that the responsibly built franchise system is one that provides value to its franchisees by teaching them how to get and keep as many customers as possible who consume as many products and services as possible, as often as possible,(p.417). He concludes that the focus must always be on the customer, where the franchisor essentially licenses and delegates the task of local brand building and market expansion to the franchisee in its local territory. (Sherman, 2003, p.417) Importance of Franchising To Business Growth and Expansion Franchising has gained much popularity in modern business environment over the years, because of its success in contributing to business growth and expansion globally which is the primary aim of this research. This can be viewed from the perspective of the franchisee and franchisor respectively. Sherman (2003) acknowledges the growth of a business via business-format franchising in the United States. He maintains that The ability to obtain operating efficiencies and economies of scale are among the reasons for franchising and one of the key components of a responsible franchising strategy is a proven type of location that will serve as a basis for a franchising strategy, (p.411). Over the past three decades, franchising has emerged as a popular expansion strategy for a variety of product and service companies. Sherman,(2003), points to the importance of franchising, he states that recent international franchise association (IFA) statistics demonstrates that retail sales from franchised outlets comprise nearly 50% of all retail sales in the U.S, estimated at more than $900 billion and employing some nine million people in 2000. (p.411) Also in his view, Sherman,( 2003,p 411), points out to what has made franchising so popular in the U.S. and globally as a business development and expansion strategy, from the franchisors view, franchising represents an efficient method of rapid market penetration and product distribution, without the typical capital costs associated with internal expansion.On the other hand, from the franchisees perspective, franchising is regarded as a method of owning a business but with a less severe chance of failure due to the initial and ongoing training and support services offered by the franchisor. According to Shay (2009, p.6) franchising is the key to Global Economic Recovery and that franchise businesses represent some of the worlds best brands. He went on to explain the rate at which fra